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The Temple Mount in Jerusalem - Cistern 7

Solomon's Temple on the South End of Mount Moriah - Location of First and Second Temples


Reconstructing the Substructure 
Cistern #7 on Warren Map

What is it and why was it built? 
 

The blue section on the below map, cistern/building #7, is what we will be looking at on this page.
What was it before the destruction of 70 AD of the Temple Mount?

The H shaped cistern/building near Golden gate #14 (orange color) will also be used.

When Herod extended the courts Josephus tells us that Herod used lead to bind the foundations of his wall to give it great strength.

"He also built a wall below, beginning at the bottom, which was encompassed by a deep valley; and at the south side he laid rocks together,
and bound them one to another with lead, and included some of the inner parts,"

I began to think about the problem he would have had with the straight joint where the old solomon wall ended and his new wall began.  Perhaps he used lead there also, to knit the two together and strengthen the joint.  If the wall began to fall would that act like a hinge and bend rather than break?   Suddenly cistern #7 looked suspiciously like a sort of hinged wall and the two sections extending to the east at the top of it reminded me an awful lot of the H shaped cistern, #14, by the Golden gate.
 

I went back and read Warren and Wilson's description of #7 cistern;  "Cistern No. VII, east of the Great Sea, descended; 62 feet deep, 2 feet 6 inches water. The construction of this cistern is very curious, at one side there is a lofty chamber having two entrances and raised 6 feet above the general level, and in the south-eastern branch four steps lead up to a small flat platform, as to the altar of a church;
on descending, the entrance of a rock-cut water conduit was seen, and this was afterwards found to communicate with the general system in this part of the area; there are two mouths, close together, with an opening between them, now roofed with fragments of marble columns; the roofing is of rock. On the cement a number of white hands were painted, probably as a charm against evil spirits.    Rock 2411 feet; at 5 feet from surface."

Five feet under the surface!  That meant that this cistern was not at a level with the big E cistern , # 11, but was instead at a level more to that of Solomon's Porch, meaning it was not a cistern originally but in fact was ruins of the temple, namely a bottom structure of the porch of Solomon and east wall extention of Herod.  Since the ground level (bedrock) at this point rises dramatically northward toward the Dome plateform but also dropped severly to the east then a structure would have been built by Herod to reinforce this new section of the east wall.  I don't know if this new section connected into Solomon's porch at one time or just was braced against it.
 

My idea is that something catastrophic caused the eastern wall to begin to buckle inward at the straight joint,  where the northeast corner of Solomon's old wall and Herod's extention that wall began, but because of the lead used in the joining of the walls it didn't crumble but instead the southern section of it section began to collaps  and swing outward, and downward, hanging over the hill.  After further examining the maps  I have come to believe, as one other of the people who has a website concerning the mount and Temple, that the great sea, which is also at a level close to the surface, is ruins of buildings rather than a cistern dug by the early Hebrews. It appears to me that there was a very, very, large cistern in this area, much like the collapsed one in the Ophel ruins, and like the southern one this northern cistern collapsed also. The great sea would now be made up of the large buildings that collapsed into this old cistern below. We see the same sort of results when a large sink holes opens up in this country and a house falls into it. When the buildings collapsed into this old cistern they twisted, and with the rotating tool in a paint program one can rotate both the great sea and the Ophel ruins 17 degrees and the east to west walls  within the ruins once again line up with the rest of the Temple compound. It seems the Hebrews had hollowed out much of the area outside the bounds of Solomon's temple compound, with smaller portions of these large cisterns under the temple compound area as a water source within if they were laid siege upon. Water was like gold in Israel, as it is today.  And if attacked, the whole city of David may have had to go into the Temple compound and survive for many, months, if not a few years. So water and much food storage in the temple was needed.  (I added a picture of a cistern at the bottom of this page.)

When I look at the Ophel collapse I can see that everything to the east of the collapsed twisted area also fell and moved quit a few feet being drawn toward the twisted mass as it sank.  It appears that the same sort of action took place east of  the great sea area drawing the buildings of # 7, so called cistern,   toward the old "great cistern" as it collapsed.  Most likely this happened during, or very soon after, the burning and destruction of the Temple compound. Perhaps an earthquake.  I don't think a section of the east wall could have moved in such a way after the area was filled in with dirt.   The Roman's wouldn't be able to disassemble such a large section of wall, with colonnade, because of the danger involved, with the low section actually hanging out over the edge of the hill, but instead they  built up an existing  Hasmonean lower wall that ran along the base of the hill.   Once this wall was built to a very high wall and the south east corner built up with terraced rooms to save the amount of fill dirt needed, they then filled up the hollows with dirt and rubble from the destroyed compound and city and surrounding area.
 

 I took the map into a paint program and began to dissect it like a puzzle.  Using the rotate tool I rotated the bottom arm of # 7 cistern and inserted it back into the map.
 
 


The notch at the bottom part of the arm actual fit into the existing western passage of  triple gate/Solomon's porch drawn by Warren on this map.
Like a hand and a glove.   The E shaped structure was built in a low spot on the side of the very steep hill and allowed for the porch and eastern wall to be built on top of it by Solomon.   So this E shaped structure filled the gap, so to speak. However north of the E cistern the land begins to go uphill again toward the peak (rock under the Dome of the Rock). It appears that Herod's architects used the same idea and built this struture on the side of the hill higher up to support Herods extened eastern wall.

I then pasted my own drawing of the Temple compound over the top.

If this wall buckled at the straight joint then the upper portion would slide to the east and crush the side of a building to the east of it.  That lead me to copy the little H shaped structure near golden gate and increase the size of it and place it over the remaining portion of the #7 structure.  Again a good fit, in fact perfect if the structure had not been crushed in from the side by the movement of the wall..
 
 

I then added the full length of Solomon's porch plus the suppoet structure and the H shaped structure to my drawing of the Temple compound and pasted this over the top of the map


 

Herod had also extended Solomon's Porch for his extended wall, probably for the purpose of repairs on the outer wall.

I don't know what the H shaped building was used for in either place. perhaps a tower in both places, one small built in Solomon's time as an out post near the east gate of the lower wall and then a large one built by Herod as a watch tower to the east. (??)
 


This would be similar to what it would have looked like viewing it from the Mount of Olives.
 
 
 

A cistern

 Drawn by the artist, William Simpson, of one of the early explorers,

The "great cistern",  if now old  ruins of the compound as I suspect, was later dug out and plastered to make a cistern for trapping surface water on the mount once again.

According to the Mishnah Eruvin 10:14 the Jewish preists drew water with a wheel from three cisterns on the Sabbeth. They were called the Great, the Golah, and the Akra cisterns.

I find there are three main cisterns in the area of the compound,  the one in the north that I believe was a cistern that buildings collapsed into and was refurbished as a cistern once again by incorporating the buildings into it, the one in the middle called the "Well of the Leaf" was most likely the Golah, and the one in the south (Ophel) which would have been the Akra cistern.  The Akra was a tower built by the Greeks on the Ophel on the south wall of the temple as a way of watching over, or keeping an eye, on the activities within the temple compound. After the Macabees regained control they removed this tower.  But the cistern remained and Herod built his extended southern wall over a portion of it,  and made the most southern portion of the cistern into an elaborate bath, which can be seen still today.

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